公司法律评论文章题目大全初中英语听力

公司法律评论文章题目大全初中英语听力

相信朋友们一定不知晓短文理解题是什么吧，为此，我们特为朋友们提供了听短文要注意听大意，要善于捕捉整体信息，切莫一个词一个词地听，也不要听一句就翻译一句，更不必因一个词或一个短语没听懂就停步不前，一定要带着短文后的要求和指令去听。详情如下：　　听的短文通常是结构紧凑的故事，选用大多是围绕who ， when ， where ， what ， how 或why所设的问题。因此，在听的时候应紧紧围绕选项内容作些速记，记下关键词语，理清线索，抓好前后联系，最后才准确作出答案。　　如果是听短文填空，听写时要注意前后提示，有的被听写的词可能就出现在短文中，这时可快速做一个符号，以便挤出时间听写其它空白。听写完后，还应检查一下，看用词是否有误、大小写、单复数、时态等有无错误。 本题考察的题型包括：判断所给句子的意思是否正确、选择正确答案、在所缺处填入适当词语、填满表格以及回答所提问题等。本题在听力测试中一般属于中难或难题，考生不仅要听懂一篇完整的材料，掌握其中心意思及重要细节，还要能据此作出分析、推理和判断。尤其需要注意的是，在有的时候，同学们还要从整个对话中了解讲话人的“弦外之音”，特别要注意听清转折和让步，把握说话人的真实含义。请看以下例题：　　【实例一】听短文，选择正确的答案：　　( )1、Mike got up at about ____one cloudy 　　A7:15 B6:45 C6:15 D7:45　　( )2、He put his books into the bag after he_____　　A left the house B saw his friend　　C got to school D washed his face　　( )3、He left home_____　　A without breakfast B after a quick breakfast　　C with his brother D with his sister　　( )4、On his way， he met his best friend，_______　　A Jim B Tom C Bob D John　　( )5、Both of them ______ that 　　A went to school late　　B played on way to school　　C were late for class　　D forgot that they had no class　　录音原文：　　It was a cloudy Mike woke up and suddenly found it was already 6:"It's very late，"he He got up quickly， jumped out of the bed， washed his face， put his books into the bag， and ran out of the house without On his way， he met his best friend B"Bob， we must hurry up， or we'll be "he Then they ran all the way to When they got there， they found that they had no class that At that moment they remembered it was S　　分析：本题在听短文，选择正确答案的题型中属于较容易题。同学们在听本题前，通过先快速浏览试题所给的5个问题及选项，根据所提供的信息，可以推测出短文所涉及的内容是关于麦克一天早晨如何匆匆忙忙地赶去学校上课的情景。5个问题的内容分别涉及Mike几点起床;什么时间才把书放进书包;他是否吃了早饭上学;在路上他碰到了谁以及那天早晨他究竟出了什么差错。带着这些听前分析的问题开始听录音。第一遍听音时只听不记，把注意力集中在有关问题的内容上，把握全文大意。第二遍听音时边听边看边记，重点把短文中有关内容与相关的题目对上号，分析判断后就能很快选出正确的答案，即：B D A C D。 最后对所选定的答案进行验证复查，以避免疏忽造成的错误。　　【实例二】听短文，选择正确答案：　　( ) What did the man have to do in the morning?　　A He fed the 　　B He cleaned the bath-　　C He carried water for the 　　( )Why did the man go to school on foot?　　A No bus ran in the 　　B The school was 　　C His family was 　　( )What did the man do every Sunday?　　A He was taken to church three 　　B He stayed at home all 　　C He played in the 　　( )What can we learn from what the speaker said?　　A He is a retired teacher of 　　B He thinks children were happier in the 　　C He lives on a farm far away from 　　录音原文：　　Now， you want to know about life in the past， right? I can tell When I was a boy， things were I had to get up at six every That was not very bad in summer， but in winter it was And we didn't have any hot water in the We had to wash in cold We didn't have a bath- My dad had some I had to feed them every morning and then I had to walk to school with my little It was two miles to school and two miles back in the And we had to go to bed at seven o'clock every We couldn't watch TV because there wasn't 　　分析：本文的篇幅较长，所涉及到的信息教多。但是同学们在做题前浏览一下所提的四个问题和供选项，就会很有效的缩小所听的范围，即重点去听说话人"早上做什么、为何步行上学和每周日做什么"等细节，然后在听完全篇的基础上，概括出第四题的答案就可以了。本题的答案分别是：A C A B。　　本文是初中英语听力短文理解题，相信这篇文章对大家一定有很大的帮助，更多初中英语信息请时刻关注我们~

是教材里的听力试题吗？

Company on behalf of the right to special circumstances Germany "shares the Company Law，" Article 112 provides that in relation to members of the Board， the Board of Supervisors at the Court on behalf of the company and "The Japanese Commercial Code，" Article 175-4 and the "Special Law of Commercial Law" section of the provisions of Article 24-25， in the company's directors， or directors of the company when the proceedings on behalf of the company supervisors Chinese "Company Law" Article 54 of the directors， senior management officer in the execution of corporate duties in violation of laws and administrative regulations or the provisions of the Articles of Association， to the company damage that can be directors， senior management (Iv) operational implementation of negates the right to Means that when the Board of Supervisors found that the company's operational activities illegal live damage the interests of the company， the power to pass relevant personnel to stop their "The Japanese Commercial Code，" Article 275 bis， as director of corporate purposes is not within the scope of the acts， or other illegal act or acts of the statute， the company has a significant risk of harm， the Ombudsman may request the cessation of acts of directors Germany， China has given to the board of supervisors of the terms of the (E) the right of shareholders to convene the General Assembly When the board of directors could not be convened， or just an effect of the General Assembly to convene the shareholders， the board of supervisors may convene general meeting of Germany "shares the Company Law，" Article 111 provides that if the company required benefits， the board of supervisors shall convene general meeting of "The Japanese Commercial Code" section 131 require that a general meeting convened by the Board decision， but the provisions of this Act or the Articles of Association， except by the Board of Supervisors Chinese "Company Law" Article 54 supervisors at the board of directors did not fulf ill the provisions of this law will be convened and presided over the meeting of shareholders convened and presided over duties provisional shareholders meeting; (Vi) company the right to know Companies the right to know the operation of the board of supervisors are the premise of performin g its monitoring "The Japanese Commercial Code，" Article 260 provides for 3 of the Board of Supervisors to attend at the right and views of the right of Germany， "shares company law" provisions of the board of directors of the board of supervisors have an obligation to report regularly on the company's future operational implementation of business policy， for-profit， business and other matters Chinese Company Law does not require

The condition company represents (three) the 112nd right Germany "share law of cooperation " regulation specially ， relative to board of directors to inspect with the member board of supervisors represents a company in court inside and Di175-4 strips and "commercial acts follow regulation of di24-25 " "Japan commercial code " especially， in the company to the director ， the watchdog can represent a company or when the director company institutes legal China "law of cooperation" the 54th carries out the regulation violating law ， administrative laws and regulations or articles of association time company post also to the director ， higher management ， can institute legal proceedings to the director ， higher management when giving a company cause a loss (Four) business implementations hinder the business thinking that board of supervisors discovers a company but right points to namely when there existing the living damage company benefit breaking the law in activity， be powerful by the fact that the relevance personnel stops it's Or "Japan commercial code " two regulation of the 275th， because of the behavior within absent director company purpose range， the decree breaking the law other or the regulations behavior， have the behavior being able to ask stoppage a director to company Yu Shi of producing notable damage ， the Germany ， Chinese It both regulations give board of supervisors this item to authority of (Five) provisional shareholders' general meetings call or tentatively as if board of directors has no way to convene idler than when the shareholders' general meeting calling ， board of supervisors can call shareholders' general Germany "share law of cooperation " the 111th is stipulated， if company benefit needs， board of supervisors responds to the shareholders' general meeting But "Japan commercial code " the 131st stipulate that the shareholders' general meeting calls together for being decided by board of directors， this law or articles of association stipulates that being called together for not including by board of China "law of cooperation" the 54th stipulates a supervisor to call provisional shareholder convention and preside over time the duty calling shareholder convention and presiding over not fulfilling law regulation in board of directors; The condition right to be informed the right to be informed company (six) companies are managed is managed is that board of supervisors fulfills the premise superintending "Japan commercial code " 3 of the 260th has stipulated that the supervisor is member of board of directors's attending right and the idea stating Germany "share law of cooperation " stipulates that board of directors has duty item board of supervisors reports future company business the policy ， gain ， business doing business in carrying out at the regular intervals progresses waiting for The Chinese law of cooperation does not stipulate that to

公司法律评论文章题目大全高中英语听力

1 advertise 登广告; 为做广告 2 advertisement & 广告 3 be used to 习惯于 4 share 部份，股份，分担; 共享，共有，分配 5 persuasive 有说服力的; 动机(诱因) 6 image 图像，影像，肖像，想像 7 product 产品，成果，乘积 8 service 服务，公务部门，服役; 维护，保养 9 billboard 布告板，揭示栏，广告牌 10 promote 促进，提升，升迁，促销 11 place 地方，处境，职务; 放置，任命，安排 12 intended 有意的，故意的 13 educate 教育，培养 14 issue 发行物，期刊号，争论点; 发行，流出，造成结果 15 welfare 福利，社会保障 16 complete 彻底的，完整的，已完成的; 完成，使完整 17 law 法律 18 lie 谎言; 躺着，说谎，位于 19 untrue 不正确的，不忠实的 20 claim 要求，要求权; 要求，请求，主张，声称，说明，断言 21 aware 知道的，意识到的 22 be aware of 对 清楚 23 even if 即使， 虽然 24 toothpaste 牙膏 25 breath 呼吸，气息 26 bad breath 难闻的气味 27 advertiser 广告者，广告客户 28 cure 治疗，治愈，治疗法; 治疗，治愈，改正 29 customer 顾客 30 comment 注释，评论 31 connect 连接 32 fall for 倾心于，被迷上 33 trick 诡计，欺诈; 戏弄，欺骗; 恶作剧 34 play tricks on 捉弄 35 original 最初的，原始的，有独创性的，原版的; 起源，原件，原稿 36 creative 创造性的 37 public 公共的，公众的; 公众，民众 38 lead 铅，领引，榜样; 引导，带领，以铅接合 39 nationwide 全国性的; 在全国范围内 40 campaign 战役，运动，活动; 参加活动，参加竞选 41 drug 药，麻药; 下药 42 deal 交易，协定，份量; (dealt，dealt[delt])处理，应付，分配 43 deal with 处理，料理 44 social 社会的 45 slogan 标语，口号 46 school 学校 47 live 活的，生动的，精力充沛的，直播的; 活，居住，过著 48 smoking 吸烟 49 commit 委托(托付)，犯罪，作事，承诺; [计算机] 委托 50 commit suicide 自杀 51 suicide 自杀(者)(的); & 自杀 52 smart 聪明的，漂亮的; 刺痛; 时髦的，巧妙的 53 complete 彻底的，完整的，已完成的; 完成，使完整 54 satisfied 感到满意的; 使满意 55 be satisfied with 对…感到心满意足 56 schoolmate 同窗，同学 57 trick 诡计，欺诈; 戏弄，欺骗; 恶作剧

这资料我买过。很实用。 有2004—2010年全国各省市的。去淘宝买吧。 现在大多数的压缩包都要花钱的。但是为了节省时间，花点钱也值。我也是你这个观点。所以，别人介绍我去淘我就去淘了。但是，是我一位喜欢在淘宝买电子资料的朋友帮我支付钱的，我没有支付宝。然后，我再把钱直接给朋友。 资料通过电子邮件发在你的QQ邮箱里，一周之内下载都没有问题。即使没有及时下载也没有关系啦。你直接叫卖家发一次就是了。淘宝卖家比现实中的卖家态度好多了，因为他们靠信誉挣钱的。

大耳朵英语上面的东西是免费的MP3好找，文本不是很好找

第一节 （共5 小题；每小题 5 分，满分 5 分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。( ) Where is Linda now?A In the woman’s office B In the C In the library( ) What would the man like to do?A To visit his B To drive to the C To travel to another ( ) What is the man going to do?A Talk to more B Collect more information C Work on a research ( ) Where can the man get the tickets？A From the B From S C From T( ) What does the woman mean?A She is warm B She has to study C She likes the 第二节 （共15小题；每小题 5 分，满分 5 分）听下面5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅览室读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。( ) What is the probable relationship between the speakers?A Police B Manager and C Shop assistant and ( ) What are the speakers going to do?A Open a B Make a C Have a 听第7段材料，回答第8-10题( ) What’s the woman’s problem?A She missed the wake up B Her room service is out of C She is unable to get her breakfast in ( ) Who is going to deal with the problem?A The hotel manager B A room C The woman ( ) How does the woman feel about the service?A sad B Content C Disappointed听第8段材料，回答第11-13题( ) Where does the woman work?A In a hospital B In a C On a ( ) Which of the following does the woman do as a AHT?A Produce medicines B Bathe animals C Do experiments( ) What does Doctor Blake say about the woman’s work?A It’s interesting B It’s unimportant C It’s 听第9段材料，回答第14-16题( ) What are the speakers talking about?A see adventures B vacation plans C Life at the Caribbean( ) What has the woman paid close attention to ?A Weather reports B International news C Storm damage( ) What do we learn about the man’s experience?A He was caught in a B He visited storm- hit- C He made a voyage two weeks 听第10段材料，回答第17-20题( ) What was the woman’s job ten years ago?A A director in a B A college C A ( ) Who is the college girl mentioned in the talk?A The speaker herself B The speakers C A clerk in the ( ) Why did the woman give up her job?A she wanted more free B It was far from what she C College life was much more ( ) How does the woman feel now?A R B Worried C S原文1：Woman- Hi， David! Nice to meet you here in the library!Man- Me Do you know where Linda is?Woman - I’m just going to meet her in my office in half an She’s now havingher 原文2：Man -How about driving into the country on Thursday？Woman -Well， I’ll see if I can get the afternoon off， and I’d like to see my parents 原文3：Woman -How was your research going， Jack?Man -Well， not I talked to some students and got their And now I’ve gotto write the paper based on the information I’ve 原文4： Woman – Tom said he could get your club some tickets to the game if you’re Man – If we are Look， S We’ve been trying to get tickets 原文5：Man- It’s sunny and Stop studying and come into the garden with Woman – Why not?原文6：Man – Is everything going well according to the Woman – Our store will open two weeks before CMan – I guess we should announce ourselves Tell people we’re Put up abig Woman- S The minute they see the sign， they will be lining Man – To show their Woman- Y They are lining up not to buy things but to show their  Becausesome people think train stores all look the Man – They’ll hate us in the But we’ll get them in the 原文7：Woman - Can’t you do something about the service in this hotel， manager?Man - I’m sorry What’s the problem exactly?Woman - My breakfast， that’s the Man - Yes?Woman – I ordered a breakfast from room service all at least half an hour Man - Yes?Woman – I’ve telephoned room service three times， but my breakfast still hasn’t Man – I Woman – I’ve got an important meeting at nine o’ And now it seems I’ll have togo there without Really， I don’t think this is good Man – I’m very sorry about this You ordered breakfast half an hour ago andyou’ve phoned three times since Woman – That’s Man – I’m really sorry about You should have received your breakfast no laterthan five or ten minutes after you’d ordered Woman – That’s what I Man – The problem may be that they are short of people in the kitchens ButI’ll work into And I’ll make sure that the breakfast is sent to Full English breakfast， was it?Woman- Y Full English Man – very well I’ll deal with this myself and I’ll have it sent up to your roomright 原文8：Man - Morrie， what is an AHT?Woman - Well， AHT stands for animal health I graduated from California’sfirst AHT class at Peals C Some of us may work in the countrysidetaking care of cattle horses or Some may work in research Butmost of us work in pet Man - I know that you work in a pet What do you do there?Woman - We run blood and other tests， give shots and prepare We also cutnails， clean teeth， give bath and clean the We help keep the clinic running Making sure there is enough of medicine and Man - Indeed， you have so much to Doctor Blake told me that he couldn’t havedone so much without 原文9：Man- Where are you going on vacation this year?Woman - Well， we were thinking about going on the voyage to the Caribbean S It’s abeautiful part of the Man - It certainly I went on one last But the weather can sometimes be Woman - I I have been reading weather reports for the Caribbean on the They seem to have lots of Man - They certainly When we went on a voyage we stopped at Jamaica and theKombi I And both had been hit by storms two weeks You couldstill see a lot of Woman - Well， if I decide to I’ll just have to hope for the 原文10： Well I’d love to share with you something about my I was a director of labor relations for a big company ten years And I should have been I had everything that I thought I But going into work everyday took away a bit of Until finally I stopped and said， “Where is that lively college girl who used to read tens of books and do fun things? Where is she?” I knew I have to look for Then one day， walking through a children’s bookstore， it hit I loved these books， the richness of the pictures， and the power of these I gathered an armful of books and said， “This is what I want to ” And since then， I have treated writing like a full time I wrote over twenty stories in the next And most of them got sent back with letters saying they were not good But I didn’t give I think it’s because of that love that I have been able not to just write one book but nine books in the last ten When I worked in the company， I worked sixty-hour weeks because I had Now I work sixty-hour weeks because I love If I hadn't made that choice to take a chance to do something that really spoke to I don’t think I could have lived with 答案BBCCC BACAC ABCBA BAABC希望能帮到你

公司法律评论文章题目大全初中英语

我这里有，都是适合初中用的，先给你下面这一篇，是介绍新生Kate的，你试试看。 Kate is a new She is She is from A She can speak English very well and she can speak a little C She is in N Her parents are Kate is studying in a school near her She has classes from Monday to F On Saturdays and Sundays， she often plays games with her Chinese She loves China and her Chinese

有那个原题，2008河北秦皇岛海港区小学毕业考试语文阅读题（是语文短文，你可以再翻译）叫谁把耳朵给了我谁把耳朵给了我乔黎明①清晨，第一缕阳光射进病房，在玛丽脸上蒙上了一层圣洁的光辉。她慢慢睁开眼睛，看到丈夫温柔的眼神。带着初为人母的虚弱和喜悦，问：“咱们的孩子呢？”②丈夫把孩子抱过来。玛丽挣扎着爬起来，万分小心地接过小婴儿，让他平稳地躺在臂弯里。小家伙被裹得严严实实的，只露出一张皱巴巴的小脸，眯缝着的小眼睛，粉嘟嘟的小鼻子，宛如天使。玛丽慢慢把裹着婴儿的包裹解开，想把亲爱的宝贝看个仔细。很快，一个小小的脑袋完全展现出来了。她爱怜地抚摩着孩子的胎发，亲吻着孩子的脸蛋。病房里洋溢着幸福的味道。只是，玛丽的丈夫悄悄地背过脸去。③忽然，玛丽尖叫了一声，轻抚的手僵在半空中——她的孩子没有耳朵！④岁月飞逝，转眼孩子已经到了上学的年龄。孩子的听力完全不受影响，甚至还非常出色，只是他的容貌出生就毁了。一天，他从学校回到家里，一头扑进母亲的怀里，满腹委屈地哭诉：“同学们叫我……畸形人！”⑤玛丽长长地叹息，可怜的孩子以后的生活就沉浸在永无休止的打击和失望之中。⑥慢慢地孩子长大了，上了中学。他很聪明，在文学和音乐上显出非凡的天赋，其他才能也开始显山露水。如果不是看起来有点恐怖的外形，他的生活应该非常精彩。可是现在，他没有朋友，同学也因为惧怕而疏远他，他生活在孤寂忧郁之中。⑦男孩十六岁那年，他的父母亲和家庭医生开了一个会。⑧“难道真的一点办法也没有了？”父亲问。⑨“办法还是有的。只要找到一双合适的耳朵，我就可以将其嫁接到孩子头上。”医生非常肯定地回答道。 ⑩于是，一场大搜索开始了，寻找一个愿意为命运如此悲惨的年轻人捐献耳朵的志愿者。可是没有人愿意把自己的耳朵捐出来。 ○11一晃两年过去了。母亲的短发留到肩膀的时候，终于找到了愿意捐献耳朵的人。 ○12父亲告诉儿子:“现在你终于可以进行手术了。我们找到了一个愿意捐献耳朵的人。但是，这个人要求身份保密!” ○13手术取得了空前的成功，男孩看起来是那么英俊正常，仿佛他从来就没缺失过耳朵。 ○14男孩的人生路上再也没有绊脚石。他的才能宛如鲜花怒放般得到释放;在舞台上表演优美的小提琴独奏;他进了一家非常有名的公司;他有了心爱的女友;婚后不久，他甚至成为了一名外交官。 ○15虽然事业家庭都非常成功，但是有一个问题始终缠绕在他的心头。 ○16“您一定要告诉我，”他问父亲，“到底是谁把自己的耳朵给了我?我想我现在有责任也有能力去报答!” ○17“但是我不认为你有这个能力去报答，”父亲说，“我们当初的协议中规定你不能知道是谁，至少现在不能。”父亲的守口如瓶使这个秘密保持了许多年，直到母亲逝世的那天。 ○18他和父亲站在母亲的棺木前。缓慢地，温柔地，父亲展开双手，拢起了母亲鬓角浓密的棕红头发。随着头发的逐渐上移，显露在孩子面前的竟然是:母亲没有耳朵!原来是母亲将自己的耳朵给了他! ○19他弯下腰，贴着母亲的面颊，嚎啕大哭:“为什么不早告诉我?” ○20“怕你产生心理负担。你母亲说她很庆幸自己能有一头浓密的头发，”父亲低沉地叹息，“但没人会认为你母亲因此而减少了一丝一毫的美丽，不是吗?” ○21是的，真正的美丽不是表现在脸上，而是沉淀于心底;真正的爱不是大肆宣扬的告白，而是心甘情愿的奉献、默默无闻的牺牲。

Piercing the corporate veil describes a legal decision to treat the rights or duties of a corporation as the rights or liabilities of its shareholders or Usually a corporation is treated as a separate legal person， which is solely responsible for the debts it incurs and the sole beneficiary of the credit it is Common law countries usually uphold this principle of separate personhood， but in exceptional situations may "pierce" or "lift" the corporate A simple example would be where a businessman has left his job as a director and has signed a contract to not compete with the company he has just left for a period of If he set up a company which competed with his former company， technically it would be the company and not the person But it is likely a court would say that the new company was just a "sham"， a "fraud" or some other phrase，[1] and would still allow the old company to sue the man for breach of A court would look beyond the "legal fiction" to the reality of the Piercing the corporate veil is not the only means by which a director or officer of a corporation can be held liable for the actions of the Liability can be established through conventional theories of contract， agency， or tort For example， in situations where a director or officer acting on behalf of a corporation personally commits a tort， he and the corporation are jointly liable and it is unnecessary to discuss the issue of piercing the corporate The doctrine is often used in cases where liability is found， but the corporation is Corporations exist in part to shield the personal assets of shareholders from personal liability for the debts or actions of a Unlike a general partnership or sole proprietorship in which the owner could be held responsible for all the debts of the corporation， a corporation traditionally limited the personal liability of the The limits of this protection have narrowed in recent Shareholders are increasingly personally Piercing the corporate veil typically is most effective with smaller privately held business entities (close corporations) in which the corporation has a small number of shareholders， limited assets， and recognition of separateness of the corporation from its shareholders would promote fraud or an inequitable There is no record of a successful piercing of the corporate veil for a publicly traded corporation because of the large number of shareholders and the extensive mandatory filings entailed in qualifying for listing on an [edit] United StatesIn the United States， corporate veil piercing is the most litigated issue in corporate [2] Although courts are reluctant to hold a director or active shareholder liable for actions that are legally the responsibility of the corporation， even if the corporation has a single shareholder， they will often do so if the corporation was markedly noncompliant， or if holding only the corporation liable would be singularly unfair to the In most jurisdictions， no bright-line rule exists and the ruling is based on common law In the US， different theories， most important "alter ego" or "instrumentality rule"， attempted to create a piercing Mostly， they rest upon three basic prongs - namely "unity of interest and ownership"， "wrongful conduct" and "proximate cause" However， the theories failed to articulate a real-world approach which courts could directly apply to their Thus， courts struggle with the proof of each prong and rather analyze all given This is known as "totality of circumstances"There is also the matter of what jurisdiction the corporation is incorporated in if the corporation is authorized to do business in more than one All corporations have one specific state (their "home" state) to which they are incorporated as a "domestic" corporation， and if they operate in other states， they would apply for authority to do business in those other states as a "foreign" In determining whether or not the corporate veil may be pierced， the courts are required to use the laws of the corporation's home This issue can be significant， for example， the rules for allowing a corporate veil to be pierced are much more liberal in California than they are in Nevada， thus， the owner(s) of a corporation operating in California would be subject to different potential for the corporation's veil to be pierced if the corporation was to be sued， depending on whether the corporation was a California domestic corporation or was a Nevada foreign corporation operating in CGenerally， the plaintiff has to prove that the incorporation was merely a formality and that the corporation neglected corporate formalities and protocols， such as voting to approve major corporate actions in the context of a duly authorized corporate This is quite often the case when a corporation facing legal liability transfers its assets and business to another corporation with the same management and It also happens with single person corporations that are managed in a haphazard As such， the veil can be pierced in both civil cases and where regulatory proceedings are taken against a shell [edit] Factors for courts to considerAbsence or inaccuracy of corporate records; Concealment or misrepresentation of members; Failure to maintain arm's length relationships with related entities; Failure to observe corporate formalities in terms of behavior and documentation; Failure to pay dividends; Intermingling of assets of the corporation and of the shareholder; Manipulation of assets or liabilities to concentrate the assets or liabilities; Non-functioning corporate officers and/or directors; Other factors the court finds relevant; Significant undercapitalization of the business entity (capitalization requirements vary based on industry， location， and specific company circumstances); Siphoning of corporate funds by the dominant shareholder(s); Treatment by an individual of the assets of corporation as his/her own; Was the corporation being used as a "façade" for dominant shareholder(s) personal dealings; alter ego theory; It is important to note that not all of these factors need to be met in order for the court to pierce the corporate Further， some courts might find that one factor is so compelling in a particular case that it will find the shareholders personally Berkey Third Avenue Railway， 244 NY 602， 155 NE 914 (1927) Benjamin Cardozo decided there was no right to pierce the veil for a personal injury Perpetual Real Estate Services， I Michaelson Properties， I 974 F2d 545 (4th C 1992) The Fourth Circuit held that no piercing could take place merely to prevent "unfairness" or "injustice"， where a corporation in a real estate building partnership could not pay its share of a lawsuit bill Fletcher Atex， I， 68 F3d 1451 (2d C 1995) (_case?case=16439332799546168049&hl=en&as_sdt=2002] [edit] UndercapitalizationMinton Cavaney， 56 C 2d 576 (1961) M Minton's daughter drowned in the public swimming pool owned by M C Then-Associate Justice Roger J Traynor (later Chief Justice) of the Supreme Court of California held: "The equitable owners of a corporation， for example， are personally liable when they provide inadequate capitalization and actively participate in the conduct of corporate " Kinney Shoe C Polan， 939 F2d 209 (4th C 1991) The veil was pierced where its enforcement would not have matched the purpose of limited Here a corporation was undercapitalized and was only used to shield a shareholder's other company from [edit] Internal Revenue ServiceSee also: United States Internal Revenue ServiceIn recent years， the Internal Revenue Service in the United States has made use of corporate veil piercing arguments and logic as a means of recapturing income， estate， or gift tax revenue， particularly from business entities created primarily for estate planning A number of US Tax Court cases involving family limited partnerships (FLPs)， such as Strangi， Hackl， Shepherd， and Bongard， show the IRS's use of veil piercing Since owners of US business entities created for asset protection and estate purposes often fail to maintain proper corporate compliance， the IRS has achieved multiple high-profile court [edit] Limited Liability CompanyOne of the best ways to avoid having the corporate veil pierced is to form， not a corporation， but a limited liability LLCs (as they are often abbreviated) do not have the formal structure requirements that corporations have， and may， for the most part， treat their company as a sole proprietorship or partnership， even if there are hundreds of owners (or members， as they are referred to in an LLC) This allows for the intermingling of assets， siphoning of funds， and many other things that corporations are not supposed to do， without forfeiting their limited [citation needed][edit] United Kingdom[edit] "Single economic unit" theoryIt is an axiomatic principle of English company law that a company is an entity separate and distinct from its members， who are liable only to the extent that they have contributed to the company's capital: Salomon v Salomon [1897] The effect of this rule is that the individual subsidiaries within a conglomerate will be treated as separate entities and the parent cannot be made liable for the subsidiaries debts on Furthermore， it can create subsidiaries with inadequate capitalisation and secure loans to the subsidiaries with fixed charges over their assets， despite the fact that this is "not necessarily the most honest way of trading"[3]Although the secondary literature refers to different means of "lifting" or "piercing" the veil (see Ottolenghi (1959))， judicial dicta supporting the view that the rule in Salomon is subject to exceptions are thin on the Lord Denning MR outlined the theory of the "single economic unit" - wherein the court examined the overall business operation as an economic unit， rather than strict legal form - in DHN Food Distributors v Tower Hamlets[4] However this has largely been repudiated and has been treated with caution in subsequent

公司法律评论文章题目大全初中英语作文

The PRC legal system is based on the PRC Constitution and is made up of written laws， regulations， directives and local laws， laws of Special Administrative Regions and laws resulting from international treaties entered into by the PRC Court case verdicts do not constitute binding However， they are used for the purposes of judicial reference and 　　The National People's Congress of the PRC （''NPC''） and the Standing Committee of the NPC are empowered by the PRC Constitution to exercise the legislative power of the S The NPC has the power to amend the PRC Constitution and enact and amend basic laws governing State agencies and civil and criminal The Standing Committee of the NPC is empowered to enact and amend all laws except for the laws that are required to be enacted and amended by the NPC　　The State Council is the highest organ of the State administration and has the power to enact administrative rules and The ministries and commissions under the State Council are also vested with the power to issue orders， directives and regulations within the jurisdiction of their respective All administrative rules， regulations， directives and orders promulgated by the State Council and its ministries and commissions must be consistent with the PRC Constitution and the national laws enacted by the NPC In the event that a conflict arises， the Standing Committee of the NPC has the power to annul administrative rules， regulations， directives and 　　At the regional level， the provincial and municipal congresses and their respective standing committees may enact local rules and regulations and the people's governments may promulgate administrative rules and directives applicable to their own administrative These local laws and regulations must be consistent with the PRC Constitution， the national laws and the administrative rules and regulations promulgated by the State C The State Council， provincial and municipal governments may also enact or issue rules， regulations or directives in new areas of the law for experimental After gaining sufficient experience with experimental measures， the State Council may submit legislative proposals to be considered by the NPC or the Standing Committee of the NPC for enactment at the national 　　The PRC Constitution vests the power to interpret laws in the Standing Committee of the NPC According to the Decision of the Standing Committee of the NPC Regarding the Strengthening of Interpretation of Laws passed on June 10， 1981， the Supreme People's Court， in addition to its power to give general interpretation on the application of laws in judicial proceedings， also has the power to interpret specific The State Council and its ministries and commissions are also vested with the power to interpret rules and regulations that they have At the regional level， the power to interpret regional laws is vested in the regional legislative and administrative bodies which promulgate such

实在是无法理解这个词组的意思

We live in a legal state exergy everywhere need to abide by the law exergy exergy method everywhere as adolescents exergy we want to should make laws in the Because of the importance of exergy so learning method we starting from middle school opened some legal education curriculum included legal importance of Through learning the law included there has been a gradual cognitive exergy concept of law also thereby We know the law within the scope of what the help included what is How to exercise the right of exergy in how to perform their duties?? and if we are blind exergy may violate the law does not know his behavior is illegal the exergy resulting consequences will be serious supply according to statistics included in various crime personnel included don't know what is illegal or not law accounted for more than half of the So the exergy study law is based on the legal basis of society to create a better future supply is important Because of the importance of exergy and law-abiding compliance with laws and constitution is our bounden duty of every As the proverb goes from "no rules included in Cheng F"Law is the basic way to maintain social order and to social stability and the exergy exergy exergy is for our own we must consciously abide by the But the law the provisions of the exergy must focus on citizen interests included so we have no reason to oppose the exergy exergy has no reason not to follow no more reason to draw further Although we have the pursuit of individual freedom exergy but this does not mean that we can ignore the law of new legislation included And the law against the results of only one exergy is In our example the exergy exergy peers know the law but break it be too numerous to enumerate to brilliant tomorrow we can't do by the law supply because of the need to supply so we have done such a topic from when their interests are infringed included how to do by the answer from using the legal weapon to protect their We are such that the exergy but can not When we really met things like "big small exergy exergy is often small" exergy abandoning the exercise of Not knowing the conciliatory attitude of exergy exergy is unwise to connivance of others mistake Since we studied law he should be good at using the exergy exergy exergy to legal spear attack illegal shield exergy dare and dark forces in the fight against the Exergy for the community to do their share of The law is harmonious base included a legal and social development and progress can be shown law is the flower of civilization exergy is legally citizens in order to improve the quality of law is the fruit of practice could supply a legal country can long period of So let us learn the method of exergy， law-abiding， usage of exergy to make laws in our

有关法律的英语作文（一）：如何维护消费者权益 How to Protect Consumers’ RightsI bet most of you guys have come across such situation， when you go shopping and buy something， you find there is something wrong with the product after you buy it， you want the manager to compensate for you， but the manager refuse Though you are angry， there is nothing you can As a consumer， we need to protect our rights， when we find the products are not conformed with specifications， we have the right to ask for The consumers’ rights are legal and protected by the laws， March 15 is International Day for Consumers’ Rights and Interests， it pays special attention to the consumers， it reminds consumers of their If consumers find the shops are cheating customers， they can call the police and protect their So when we buy products， we need to have the conscious that our consumers’ rights are protected by 我猜你们大部分人都遇到过这样的情况，当你去逛街买东西，买下产品后才发现产品有问题，你想要经理赔偿你，但是经理断然拒绝。虽然你很生气，但是你也不能做什么。作为一名消费者，我们需要维护我们的权益，当我们发现产品和说明书不符合时，我们有权利要求赔偿。消费者的权利是合法的，并且受到法律的保护。3月15号是国际消费者权益日，它关注消费者，提醒消费者他们的权益。如果消费者发现商店在欺骗顾客，他们可以报警，维护自己的权利。所以当我们买产品时，必须要意识到消费者的权利是受到法律保护的。

公司法律评论文章题目大全初中英语单词

依式行文，文笔素朴，结构严谨 Formational style of writing and strict in 内容丰富，结构严谨，体系完备，博大精深 rich contents，perfect system，broad andprofound meaning， 简洁流畅，层次井然，结构严谨，文字生动，颇富幽默，笔调轻松 Simple and smooth，orderly hierarchy，rigorous structure，vivid characters，quite humorous，delightful

一般来说，一个潜在的专利权必须作好准备，证明她开发了一种新的，有用的，差异性的过程或产品。这次示威是由该专利申请的手段。该应用程序包含在程序的规范描述如何发明作品。甲专利申请的第二部分“索赔由”They是在The“索赔”实际的专利功能声称的新的，有用的，超越了艺术，其中“发明”之间的规格和要求The前的状态差异性关系的进展是，它是什么就是关于规范专利索赔点。

n they are children， they don’t

， there is a wireless station; so lo